4/1/2023 0 Comments Xsection 5.22![]() This thesis focuses on concrete floor slabs in residential buildings and small commercial buildings. They use less material to achieve higher load carrying capacities, and therefore they reduce the use of natural resources. Due to the high structural efficiency, form-active structures play an important role with regard to sustainability. Form-active design is more complex since it requires an understanding of the shape the concrete structure would take under a particular load if it had no bending stiffness, i.e. These form-active concrete structures are potentially the most efficient concrete structural components with regard to their load carrying capacity in relation to their weight. This was done to avoid the relative weakness of earlier building materials, including unreinforced concrete under tensile loads. Before the invention of reinforced concrete, it was imperative to design a concrete structure that took mainly if not entirely compressive loads. Although the anomalous results have not been fully explained, evidence of similar behaviour in previous full-scale testing was discovered.Ĭoncrete structures have been designed throughout history by paying attention to their form. Attempts were made to determine the cause of this behaviour and a number of possibilities were eliminated. Elastic and plastic capacities measured in the laboratory were significantly lower (12–20%) than those predicted by the Finite Element models and the thick walled torsion theory used as the basis of the British and European design procedures. Torsion tests on full scale RHS without web openings yielded some unexpected results. Aspects of behaviour requiring further investigation have been identified and categorised. The design advice was developed with regard to existing recommendations for the design of perforated I-beams, and was produced in a form that allows integration with modern limit state design codes. Preliminary design recommendations are presented based on the results of the parametric study and laboratory tests. ![]() In all but one category of tests (see below), good agreement was achieved between experimentally measured quantities (such as capacities, deflections and strains) and the corresponding Finite Element predictions, allowing parametric investigations to be conducted with calibrated analytical models. The study considered the influence of the number and size of holes upon resistance and stiffness in bending, shear, and torsion and combined analytical Finite Element modelling with large and small scale pseudo-static (short-time static loading) laboratory testing. However, since the research is fundamental in nature, the findings are also applicable to other situations where it may be advantageous to cut holes in load bearing tubular members of rectangular cross-section.
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